What does concubine mean in the Bible? The term “concubine” refers to a woman who is in a secondary, non-marital relationship with a man, often serving as a secondary wife or a companion. In biblical times, concubines were common in various cultures, and the Bible mentions them in several passages. Understanding the role and significance of concubines in the Bible can shed light on the social customs and moral values of the ancient Near East.
The first mention of concubines in the Bible is found in Genesis 16, where Hagar, Abraham’s servant, becomes Sarah’s concubine. This relationship was a result of Sarah’s barrenness and Abraham’s desire to have a child. Hagar gave birth to Ishmael, but the Bible depicts the relationship as problematic, with Hagar and Ishmael being cast out of Abraham’s household. This story highlights the instability and potential dangers associated with concubinage.
Throughout the Old Testament, concubines are often portrayed as second-class women, with limited rights and protections. For example, in the book of Judges, Gideon has several concubines, and their children are not considered part of the family lineage. This suggests that concubinage was a way for men to have children without the legal and social obligations that came with marriage.
One of the most notable examples of concubinage in the Bible is the story of David and Bathsheba. In 2 Samuel 11, David commits adultery with Bathsheba, who is Uriah’s wife. Afterward, David arranges for Uriah’s death to cover up his sin. When Bathsheba becomes pregnant, David sends for her to be his concubine, thus establishing a concubinage relationship. This story raises questions about the moral implications of concubinage and the consequences of David’s actions.
In the New Testament, concubinage is not directly addressed, but the teachings of Jesus and the apostles emphasize the importance of faithfulness and morality in marriage. Jesus’ teachings on marriage, such as those found in Matthew 19:3-9, suggest that marriage is a lifelong, monogamous commitment between a man and a woman. This contrasts with the practice of concubinage, which was often seen as a temporary and less binding arrangement.
In conclusion, the term “concubine” in the Bible refers to a woman in a secondary, non-marital relationship with a man. The Bible presents concubinage as a common but problematic practice in ancient Near Eastern societies. While concubines were often viewed as second-class women, the Bible also raises moral and ethical questions about the practice, particularly in the stories of Abraham, Hagar, and David and Bathsheba. Understanding the role of concubines in the Bible can provide insight into the cultural and moral landscape of the time.
